Transcendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement that emerged in the 19th century, primarily in the United States. It was influenced by European Romanticism and focused on individualism, spiritual exploration, and the inherent goodness of both humanity and nature.

Transcendentalists believed in the importance of direct experience and intuition over empirical evidence and organized religion. They emphasized the divinity within each individual and saw nature as a source of spiritual insight and inspiration. Transcendentalists sought to transcend the limitations of the physical world and connect with a higher spiritual reality.

Prominent figures associated with Transcendentalism include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. Emerson's essay "Nature" and his address "The American Scholar" articulated the core principles of Transcendentalism, emphasizing self-reliance, nonconformity, and the power of individual thought. Thoreau's book "Walden" reflected his experiences living a simple, solitary life in nature and his belief in civil disobedience as a means of resisting unjust laws.

Transcendentalism had a profound impact on American literature, philosophy, and social reform movements. Its ideals influenced the abolitionist movement, women's suffrage, and the concept of civil rights. Transcendentalism also had a lasting impact on American literature, inspiring writers such as Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson.

Although the Transcendentalist movement declined in the late 19th century, its ideas continue to resonate today. The emphasis on self-reliance, individualism, and the exploration of spirituality and nature remain influential in contemporary thought and have contributed to the shaping of American identity.