Existentialism is a philosophical and literary movement that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, primarily in Europe. It centers around the exploration of individual existence, freedom, and the inherent meaninglessness of life. Existentialists emphasize the importance of personal choice, responsibility, and subjective experience in shaping one's own existence.

At its core, existentialism rejects the notion of predetermined destiny or a universal purpose. Instead, it asserts that individuals are free to create their own meaning in life through their actions and choices. Existentialists argue that this freedom can be both liberating and burdensome, as it places the responsibility of defining one's purpose squarely on the individual.

Existentialist thinkers, such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and Friedrich Nietzsche, grappled with existential questions surrounding the nature of existence, the search for meaning, and the inevitability of death. They explored themes like anxiety, alienation, authenticity, and the tension between individual freedom and societal norms.

Existentialism often delves into the human experience, highlighting the struggles and complexities of existence. It encourages individuals to confront the inherent absurdity and uncertainty of life and to embrace the authentic, subjective experience of being.

While existentialism does not offer a definitive answer to life's ultimate questions, it provides a framework for introspection and self-reflection. It invites individuals to take ownership of their lives, confront existential dilemmas, and strive for self-realization in the face of an uncertain and often chaotic world.